Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants

D.SosnovJr.The CMS Collaboration

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140359

Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants

D.SosnovJr.The CMS Collaboration

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Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW
TU Wien
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Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science
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Abstract

For the first time, correlations among mixed-order moments of two or three flow harmonics —(v_n^k,v_m^l) and (v_n^k,v_m^l,v_p^q), with k, l , and q denoting the respective orders—are measured in xenon–xenon (XeXe) collisions and compared with lead–lead (PbPb) results, providing a novel probe of collective behavior in heavy ion collisions. These measurements compare a nearly spherical, doubly-magic ²⁰⁸Pb nucleus to a triaxially deformed ¹²⁹Xe nucleus, emphasizing the sensitivity to initial-state geometry fluctuations arising from nuclear deformation. The dependence of these results (v_n , n=2,3,4) on the shape and size of the nuclear overlap region is studied. Comparisons between v ₂, v ₃, and v ₄ demonstrate the importance of v ₃ and v ₄ in exploring the nonlinear hydrodynamic response of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) to the initial spatial anisotropy. The results constrain initial-state model parameters that influence the evolution of the QGP. The CMS detector was used to collect XeXe and PbPb data at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of S_NN=5.44 and 5.36 TeV, respectively. Correlations are extracted using multiparticle mixed-harmonic cumulants (up to eight-particle cumulants) with charged particles in the pseudorapidity range | η | ' 2.4 and transverse momentum range 0.5 ' p_T ' 3 GeV/c.

Original language	English
Article number	140359
Journal	Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
Volume	876
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140359
State	Published - May 2026

Keywords

CMS
Flow
Heavy ion
QGP
System size

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10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140359

Cite this

@article{ed7ae05362644df8ab22bb1787980b0e,

title = "Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants",

abstract = "For the first time, correlations among mixed-order moments of two or three flow harmonics —(vnk,vml) and (vnk,vml,vpq), with k, l , and q denoting the respective orders—are measured in xenon–xenon (XeXe) collisions and compared with lead–lead (PbPb) results, providing a novel probe of collective behavior in heavy ion collisions. These measurements compare a nearly spherical, doubly-magic 208Pb nucleus to a triaxially deformed 129Xe nucleus, emphasizing the sensitivity to initial-state geometry fluctuations arising from nuclear deformation. The dependence of these results (vn , n=2,3,4) on the shape and size of the nuclear overlap region is studied. Comparisons between v 2, v 3, and v 4 demonstrate the importance of v 3 and v 4 in exploring the nonlinear hydrodynamic response of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) to the initial spatial anisotropy. The results constrain initial-state model parameters that influence the evolution of the QGP. The CMS detector was used to collect XeXe and PbPb data at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of SNN=5.44 and 5.36 TeV, respectively. Correlations are extracted using multiparticle mixed-harmonic cumulants (up to eight-particle cumulants) with charged particles in the pseudorapidity range | η | ' 2.4 and transverse momentum range 0.5 ' pT ' 3 GeV/c.",

keywords = "CMS, Flow, Heavy ion, QGP, System size",

author = "\{D.SosnovJr.The CMS Collaboration\} and A. Hayrapetyan and V. Makarenko and A. Tumasyan and W. Adam and Andrejkovic, \{J. W.\} and L. Benato and T. Bergauer and M. Dragicevic and C. Giordano and Hussain, \{P. S.\} and M. Jeitler and N. Krammer and A. Li and D. Liko and I. Mikulec and J. Schieck and R. Sch{\"o}fbeck and D. Schwarz and M. Shooshtari and M. Sonawane and W. Waltenberger and Wulz, \{C. E.\} and T. Janssen and H. Kwon and \{Ocampo Henao\}, D. and \{Van Laer\}, T. and \{Van Mechelen\}, P. and J. Bierkens and N. Breugelmans and J. D{\textquoteright}Hondt and S. Dansana and \{De Moor\}, A. and M. Delcourt and F. Heyen and Y. Hong and P. Kashko and S. Lowette and I. Makarenko and D. M{\"u}ller and J. Song and S. Tavernier and M. Tytgat and \{Van Onsem\}, \{G. P.\} and \{Van Putte\}, S. and D. Vannerom and B. Bilin and B. Clerbaux and Das, \{A. K.\} and \{De Bruyn\}, I. and \{Carrera Jarrin\}, E.",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 The Authors.",

year = "2026",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140359",

language = "Ingl{\'e}s",

volume = "876",

journal = "Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics",

issn = "0370-2693",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants

AU - D.SosnovJr.The CMS Collaboration

AU - Hayrapetyan, A.

AU - Makarenko, V.

AU - Tumasyan, A.

AU - Adam, W.

AU - Andrejkovic, J. W.

AU - Benato, L.

AU - Bergauer, T.

AU - Dragicevic, M.

AU - Giordano, C.

AU - Hussain, P. S.

AU - Jeitler, M.

AU - Krammer, N.

AU - Li, A.

AU - Liko, D.

AU - Mikulec, I.

AU - Schieck, J.

AU - Schöfbeck, R.

AU - Schwarz, D.

AU - Shooshtari, M.

AU - Sonawane, M.

AU - Waltenberger, W.

AU - Wulz, C. E.

AU - Janssen, T.

AU - Kwon, H.

AU - Ocampo Henao, D.

AU - Van Laer, T.

AU - Van Mechelen, P.

AU - Bierkens, J.

AU - Breugelmans, N.

AU - D’Hondt, J.

AU - Dansana, S.

AU - De Moor, A.

AU - Delcourt, M.

AU - Heyen, F.

AU - Hong, Y.

AU - Kashko, P.

AU - Lowette, S.

AU - Makarenko, I.

AU - Müller, D.

AU - Song, J.

AU - Tavernier, S.

AU - Tytgat, M.

AU - Van Onsem, G. P.

AU - Van Putte, S.

AU - Vannerom, D.

AU - Bilin, B.

AU - Clerbaux, B.

AU - Das, A. K.

AU - De Bruyn, I.

AU - Carrera Jarrin, E.

PY - 2026/5

Y1 - 2026/5

N2 - For the first time, correlations among mixed-order moments of two or three flow harmonics —(vnk,vml) and (vnk,vml,vpq), with k, l , and q denoting the respective orders—are measured in xenon–xenon (XeXe) collisions and compared with lead–lead (PbPb) results, providing a novel probe of collective behavior in heavy ion collisions. These measurements compare a nearly spherical, doubly-magic 208Pb nucleus to a triaxially deformed 129Xe nucleus, emphasizing the sensitivity to initial-state geometry fluctuations arising from nuclear deformation. The dependence of these results (vn , n=2,3,4) on the shape and size of the nuclear overlap region is studied. Comparisons between v 2, v 3, and v 4 demonstrate the importance of v 3 and v 4 in exploring the nonlinear hydrodynamic response of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) to the initial spatial anisotropy. The results constrain initial-state model parameters that influence the evolution of the QGP. The CMS detector was used to collect XeXe and PbPb data at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of SNN=5.44 and 5.36 TeV, respectively. Correlations are extracted using multiparticle mixed-harmonic cumulants (up to eight-particle cumulants) with charged particles in the pseudorapidity range | η | ' 2.4 and transverse momentum range 0.5 ' pT ' 3 GeV/c.

AB - For the first time, correlations among mixed-order moments of two or three flow harmonics —(vnk,vml) and (vnk,vml,vpq), with k, l , and q denoting the respective orders—are measured in xenon–xenon (XeXe) collisions and compared with lead–lead (PbPb) results, providing a novel probe of collective behavior in heavy ion collisions. These measurements compare a nearly spherical, doubly-magic 208Pb nucleus to a triaxially deformed 129Xe nucleus, emphasizing the sensitivity to initial-state geometry fluctuations arising from nuclear deformation. The dependence of these results (vn , n=2,3,4) on the shape and size of the nuclear overlap region is studied. Comparisons between v 2, v 3, and v 4 demonstrate the importance of v 3 and v 4 in exploring the nonlinear hydrodynamic response of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) to the initial spatial anisotropy. The results constrain initial-state model parameters that influence the evolution of the QGP. The CMS detector was used to collect XeXe and PbPb data at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of SNN=5.44 and 5.36 TeV, respectively. Correlations are extracted using multiparticle mixed-harmonic cumulants (up to eight-particle cumulants) with charged particles in the pseudorapidity range | η | ' 2.4 and transverse momentum range 0.5 ' pT ' 3 GeV/c.

KW - CMS

KW - Flow

KW - Heavy ion

KW - QGP

KW - System size

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036006648

U2 - 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140359

DO - 10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140359

M3 - Artículo

AN - SCOPUS:105036006648

SN - 0370-2693

VL - 876

JO - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

JF - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

M1 - 140359

ER -

Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants

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Keywords

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