Comprehensive characterization of nutritional, phytochemical, optical, and electrical properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. parts from Ecuador

Moringa oleifera Lam. is renowned for its nutritional and medicinal properties. This study characterizes parts of this plant grown in Ecuador: roots, stems, flowers, leaves, cotyledons, seed husks, and seedless pods. Seeds had the highest protein (≈41 %) and fat content (≈32 %), while leaves and flowers also showed substantial protein levels (30 % and 23 % respectively). Leaves showed the most significant antioxidant activity and the highest polyphenol content (≈26 mg EqAG/g), flavonoids (≈12 mg EqQ/g), and flavonols (≈6 mg EqQ/g). Seed husks showed superior fiber content (65 %). Pods were the richest in calcium (4394 mg/100 gdm), flowers in potassium (197 mg/100 g dm) and iron (40 mg/100 g dm), and leaves in magnesium (783 mg/100 g dm). Powders’ hue ranged from 80° (roots) to 130° (leaves). Electrical results demonstrated the dielectric and insulating capacity of moringa parts. This research provides valuable information for potential uses in the food, nutraceutical, electronics, and biomaterial sectors.