Interaction Between Chronotype and the Timing of Antihypertensive Medication on Cardiovascular Events and Death

Although the TIME (Treatment in Morning Versus Evening) trial reported antihypertensive medication timing to have no effect on major adverse cardiovascular events,1 a subsequent cohort substudy of TIME participants2 suggested an interaction between antihypertensive timing and “chronotype”—the time of day people are most active/alert (ie, “early birds” versus “nightowls”). Specifically, TIME reported early birds with morning antihypertensive use and nightowls with bedtime use experienced fewer heart attacks and strokes than those with the opposite timing. This post hoc analysis examines the influence of chronotype in another antihypertensive timing trial—BedMed.3