Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

CMS Collaboration

doi:10.1103/89sf-9t1x

Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

CMS Collaboration

Física

A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics
Yerevan State University
Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW
TU Wien
University of Antwerp
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Ghent University
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Université catholique de Louvain
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas
FACAMP - Faculdades de Campinas
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Universidade do Estado do Amazonas
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
University of Sofia
Universidad de Tarapacá
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria
Beihang University
Tsinghua University
Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peking University
South China Normal University
Sun Yat-Sen University
University of Science and Technology of China
Nanjing Normal University
Zhengzhou University
Henan Normal University
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
University of Iowa
Fudan University
Zhejiang University
Universidad de los Andes Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia
University of Split
Faculty of Science, University of Split
Institute Rudjer Boskovic
University of Cyprus
Charles University
Escuela Politecnica Nacional
Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics
Suez University
British University
Cairo University
Fayoum University
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
Tallinn University of Technology
University of Helsinki
Helsinki Institute of Physics
Lappeenranta University of Technology
Université Paris-Saclay
Purdue University
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien
Université de Haute-Alsace
IN2P3-CNRS
Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Georgian Technical University
Ilia State University (ISU)
CERN
RWTH Aachen University
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
University of Hamburg
University of Wuppertal
Brandenburg University of Technology
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
NCSR Demokritos
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
National Technical University of Athens
University of Ioannina
KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics
Institute for Nuclear Research
Babes Bolyai University
Eötvös Loránd University
Faculty of Science
University of Debrecen
Eszterhazy Karoly University
University of Kansas
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
Panjab University
Punjab Agricultural University
University of Delhi
Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
University of Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Indian Institute of Science
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
Visva-Bharati University
An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute
Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
Isfahan University of Technology
Sharif University of Technology
Institute for Research for Fundamental Sciences
University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr
Arak University
University College Dublin
INFN Sezione di Bari
Université di Bari
Polytechnic University of Bari
Helwan University
INFN Sezione di Bologna
University of Bologna
Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of Catania
Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia
INFN Sezione di Firenze
University of Florence
Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi
University of Genoa
Université di Milano-Bicocca
INFN Sezione di Napoli
University of Naples Federico II
Université della Basilicata
Scuola Superiore Meridionale
INFN Sezione di Padova
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
University of Cagliari
University of Padua
Luleå University of Technology
INFN Sezione di Pavia
Université di Pavia
INFN Sezione di Perugia
Université di Perugia
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici
INFN Sezione di Pisa
University of Pisa
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
University of Siena
UPES—University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Université di Roma La Sapienza
INFN Sezione di Torino
Université di Torino
University of Eastern Piedmont
INFN Sezione di Trieste
Université di Trieste
Kyungpook National University
GWNU
Chonnam National University
Hanyang University
Korea University
Kyung Hee University
Sejong University
Seoul National University
University of Seoul
Yonsei University
Sungkyunkwan University
American University of the Middle East
Kuwait University
Riga Technical University
University of Latvia
Vilnius University
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Universidad de Sonora
Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Universidad Iberoamericana (UIA)
Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla
University of Montenegro
University of Canterbury
Quaid-I-Azam University
AGH University of Krakow
National Centre for Nuclear Research
University of Warsaw
Warsaw University of Technology
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Fisica Experimental de Partículas
University of Belgrade
University of Belgrade
CIEMAT
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
University of Oviedo
CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria
University of Colombo
Eastern University, Sri Lanka
University of Ruhuna
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne
Paul Scherrer Institut
University of Zurich
ETH Zurich
Austrian Academy of Sciences
National Central University
National Taiwan University
Chulalongkorn University
Université de Tunis El Manar
Cukurova University
Near East University
Konya Technical University
Istanbul Topkapi University
Izmir Bakircay University
Adiyaman University
Hacettepe University
Middle East Technical University (METU)
Yozgat Bozok University
Bogazici University
Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University
Marmara University
Turkish National Defence University
Informatics and Information Security Research Center
Kafkas University
Istanbul Technical University
Okan University
Istanbul University
Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa
Yildiz Technical University
Istinye University
Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine
NASU - Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
University of Bristol
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
University of Southampton
Imperial College London
Monash University
Brunel University London
Baylor University
Bethel University
Catholic University of America
University of Alabama
Boston University
Brown University
Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
University of California, Davis
University of California at Los Angeles
University of California at Riverside
University of California at San Diego
University of California at Santa Barbara
California Lutheran University
California Institute of Technology
Carnegie Mellon University
University of Colorado at Boulder
Cornell University
United States Naval Academy
University of Florida
Florida State University
Florida Institute of Technology
University of Illinois at Chicago
Sinop University
Erciyes University
Johns Hopkins University
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering
Kansas State University
University of Maryland, College Park
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
State University of New York at Buffalo
Northeastern University
Northwestern University
University of Notre Dame
Ohio State University
Princeton University
University of Puerto Rico
Purdue University Calumet
Rice University
University of Rochester
Rutgers University–New Brunswick
University of Tennessee
Texas AandM University
Hamad bin Khalifa University
Texas Tech University
Vanderbilt University
University of Virginia
Wayne State University
University of Wisconsin-Madison

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

Original language	English
Article number	162301
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	136
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/89sf-9t1x
State	Published - 24 Apr 2026

Access to Document

10.1103/89sf-9t1x

Cite this

@article{f3fb382591ce4b84bd32c0f6748f39af,

title = "Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions",

abstract = "A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.",

author = "\{CMS Collaboration\} and A. Hayrapetyan and V. Makarenko and A. Tumasyan and W. Adam and L. Benato and T. Bergauer and M. Dragicevic and C. Giordano and Hussain, \{P. S.\} and M. Jeitler and N. Krammer and A. Li and D. Liko and M. Matthewman and J. Schieck and R. Sch{\"o}fbeck and M. Shooshtari and M. Sonawane and W. Waltenberger and Wulz, \{C. E.\} and T. Janssen and H. Kwon and \{Ocampo Henao\}, D. and \{Van Laer\}, T. and \{Van Mechelen\}, P. and J. Bierkens and N. Breugelmans and J. D{\textquoteright}Hondt and S. Dansana and \{De Moor\}, A. and M. Delcourt and F. Heyen and Y. Hong and P. Kashko and S. Lowette and I. Makarenko and D. M{\"u}ller and J. Song and S. Tavernier and M. Tytgat and \{Van Onsem\}, \{G. P.\} and \{Van Putte\}, S. and D. Vannerom and B. Bilin and B. Clerbaux and Das, \{A. K.\} and \{De Bruyn\}, I. and \{De Lentdecker\}, G. and H. Evard and \{Carrera Jarrin\}, E.",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.",

year = "2026",

month = apr,

day = "24",

doi = "10.1103/89sf-9t1x",

language = "Ingl{\'e}s",

volume = "136",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "16",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

AU - CMS Collaboration

AU - Hayrapetyan, A.

AU - Makarenko, V.

AU - Tumasyan, A.

AU - Adam, W.

AU - Benato, L.

AU - Bergauer, T.

AU - Dragicevic, M.

AU - Giordano, C.

AU - Hussain, P. S.

AU - Jeitler, M.

AU - Krammer, N.

AU - Li, A.

AU - Liko, D.

AU - Matthewman, M.

AU - Schieck, J.

AU - Schöfbeck, R.

AU - Shooshtari, M.

AU - Sonawane, M.

AU - Waltenberger, W.

AU - Wulz, C. E.

AU - Janssen, T.

AU - Kwon, H.

AU - Ocampo Henao, D.

AU - Van Laer, T.

AU - Van Mechelen, P.

AU - Bierkens, J.

AU - Breugelmans, N.

AU - D’Hondt, J.

AU - Dansana, S.

AU - De Moor, A.

AU - Delcourt, M.

AU - Heyen, F.

AU - Hong, Y.

AU - Kashko, P.

AU - Lowette, S.

AU - Makarenko, I.

AU - Müller, D.

AU - Song, J.

AU - Tavernier, S.

AU - Tytgat, M.

AU - Van Onsem, G. P.

AU - Van Putte, S.

AU - Vannerom, D.

AU - Bilin, B.

AU - Clerbaux, B.

AU - Das, A. K.

AU - De Bruyn, I.

AU - De Lentdecker, G.

AU - Evard, H.

AU - Carrera Jarrin, E.

PY - 2026/4/24

Y1 - 2026/4/24

N2 - A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

AB - A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ((Formula presented)). Conversely, high-(Formula presented) particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ((Formula presented)). The (Formula presented) is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ((Formula presented)) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and (Formula presented) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy (Formula presented) correspond to integrated luminosities of (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The (Formula presented) is below unity with a minimum of (Formula presented) around (Formula presented). The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037439332

U2 - 10.1103/89sf-9t1x

DO - 10.1103/89sf-9t1x

M3 - Artículo

AN - SCOPUS:105037439332

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 136

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 16

M1 - 162301

ER -

Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

Abstract

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this