Towards sustainable bioplasticizers from biomass to polymers applications: A review

The growing demand for plastics and bioplastics that can be recycled or degraded after use for different applications drives the need for bioplasticizers. Plasticizers are compounds added to polymers such as plastics or rubbers to enhance their flexibility, fluidity, elasticity, and workability during their handling in manufacture. Conventional plasticizers are derived from petroleum, which can cause harm to the environment and human health. As a result, organic bioplasticizers derived from renewable resources have gained attention as a sustainable alternative. This paper reviews the types of plasticizers, including small molecules and macromolecules, their mechanisms of action, chemical functional groups, properties, applications, current patents, benefits, and challenges. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview focusing on the chemistry of the organic bioplasticizers available in the market, highlighting their potential for replacing petroleum-based plasticizers in various applications.