TROPICAL FELIDS, ACTIVITY PATTERNS, AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES: A STUDY IN THE CORDILLERA DEL CÓNDOR, ECUADOR

Interactions between Neotropical felids, such as pumas (Puma concolor), ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), margays (L. wiedii), and clouded tiger cats (L. pardinoides), vary depending on their territorial behaviors. These felids are threatened by habitat degradation from urban and agricultural expansion and industrial activities, resulting in declining populations and greater vulnerability to environmental stressors. This study used camera traps to investigate the interactions and activity patterns of these felids in the Cordillera del Cóndor of southern Ecuador. We used negative binomial generalized regression models to analyze anthropogenic stressors and land cover variation on felid presence in three adjoining study sites: two mining concessions and a wildlife refuge. Our results showed that puma presence negatively impacts margay presence. We also observed a difference in activity periods for pumas, who were more diurnal in one of the concessions and more nocturnal at the other two sites. Puma presence was positively influenced by distance from the mining operation and associated infrastructures, but not by distance from other anthropogenic features. Finally, the influence of mining-related activities was a more significant indicator of small cat presence than land cover or other environmental factors, but to varying degrees. These results indicate a need for further monitoring of anthropogenic activities, such as mining, on felid communities and provide an opportunity for collaboration with industry to reduce these impacts.