TY - JOUR
T1 - Active avoidance from a crude oil soluble fraction by an Andean paramo copepod
AU - Araújo, Cristiano V.M.
AU - Moreira-Santos, Matilde
AU - Sousa, José P.
AU - Ochoa-Herrera, Valeria
AU - Encalada, Andrea C.
AU - Ribeiro, Rui
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This study was partially funded by the Master Program in Ecology and the Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador) through the European Master Applied Ecology (EMAE) consortium and by the Fundac¸ão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) though a postdoctoral fellowship (reference SFRH/BPD/74044/2010) to CVM Araújo and Ciência 2007-Human Potential Operational Program (POPH) and Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN) through European Social Fund (FSE) and Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) funds. We acknowledge the help in the lab and in the field of Natalia García and Maja Celinscak. Graphical assistance in Fig. 1 was provided by FR Diz.
PY - 2014/9
Y1 - 2014/9
N2 - Several oil spills due to ruptures in the pipeline oil systems have occurred at the Andean paramo. A sample of this crude oil was mixed with water from a nearby Andean lagoon and the toxicity of the soluble fraction was assessed through lethal and avoidance assays with a locally occurring copepod (Boeckella occidentalis intermedia). The integration of mortality and avoidance aimed at predicting the immediate decline of copepod populations facing an oil leakage. The 24-h median lethal PAH concentration was 42.7 (26.4-91.6) μg L-1. In the 12-h avoidance assay, 30 % avoidance was recorded at the highest PAH concentration (19.4 μg L-1). The mortality at this PAH concentration would be of 25 % and, thus, the population immediate decline would be of 55 %. The inclusion of non-forced exposure testing with the quantification of the avoidance response in environmental risk assessments is, therefore, supported due to underestimation of the lethal assays.
AB - Several oil spills due to ruptures in the pipeline oil systems have occurred at the Andean paramo. A sample of this crude oil was mixed with water from a nearby Andean lagoon and the toxicity of the soluble fraction was assessed through lethal and avoidance assays with a locally occurring copepod (Boeckella occidentalis intermedia). The integration of mortality and avoidance aimed at predicting the immediate decline of copepod populations facing an oil leakage. The 24-h median lethal PAH concentration was 42.7 (26.4-91.6) μg L-1. In the 12-h avoidance assay, 30 % avoidance was recorded at the highest PAH concentration (19.4 μg L-1). The mortality at this PAH concentration would be of 25 % and, thus, the population immediate decline would be of 55 %. The inclusion of non-forced exposure testing with the quantification of the avoidance response in environmental risk assessments is, therefore, supported due to underestimation of the lethal assays.
KW - Ecuador
KW - Non-forced exposure
KW - Oil spill
KW - Paramo
KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84906316712&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10646-014-1268-9
DO - 10.1007/s10646-014-1268-9
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 24898412
AN - SCOPUS:84906316712
SN - 0963-9292
VL - 23
SP - 1254
EP - 1259
JO - Ecotoxicology
JF - Ecotoxicology
IS - 7
ER -