Enhancing Control Performance in Non-Linear Processes: A Comparative Study of Adaptive PID Control Approaches

This study explores and evaluates four Adaptive PID control approaches: the standard PID, Dual-Adaptive PID, fractional PID, and fractional dual PID strategies, applied to a nonlinear process with varying parameters. Adaptive PID controllers are designed to dynamically adjust their parameters to maintain optimal performance in response to changes in system behavior. The dual adaptive PID strategy adds an extra layer of adaptation, improving its capacity to manage uncertainties and process variations. Based on fractional calculus, the fractional PID controller provides enhanced tuning flexibility and is particularly effective for complex, nonlinear systems. The findings reveal the strengths and limitations of each strategy, offering insights into their effectiveness in controlling nonlinear processes with variable parameters. Their performance is evaluated using ISE, ISCO, overshoot, and settling time metrics, which are vital for assessing control precision and energy efficiency, respectively. This comparative study contributes to a deeper understanding of adaptive control techniques and their applications in real-world dynamic systems.