Li-ion battery lifetime model influence on the economic assessment of a hybrid electric bus operation

The present paper is focused on the evaluation of the economic influence of the battery lifetime model over the optimal sizing and energy management strategy of a dual energy storage system (ESS), composed of Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The operation of a Hybrid Bus is taken as a case study to evaluate the effects of battery lifetime models' accuracy on ESS sizing and operation in a heavy-duty application. For this purpose, two different lifetime models (a Wöhler-curve based model and a semi-empirical model) were applied in the multi-objective optimisation of a hybrid electric urban bus. Differences up to c.a. 8%on the daily operation costs and c.a. 25%on the dual ESS costs were estimated depending on the lifetime model that was considered for the optimisation.