Modernizing Bridge Inspections with Virtual Reality and UAV-Based 3D Models

Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure, yet many have exceeded their design service life, making them susceptible to deterioration from aging, environmental exposure, and sustained loads. Traditional visual inspections remain the primary method for condition assessment due to their simplicity and low cost but are limited by subjectivity, restricted access, and occupational risks. This study investigates the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), photogrammetric 3D modelling, and immersive virtual reality (VR) to improve bridge inspection practices. UAVs were used to capture high-resolution imagery of a reinforced concrete girder bridge in Ecuador, which was processed into a high-fidelity 3D model and imported into a VR environment. Results include enhanced spatial perception, improved detection of visible deterioration, safer access to critical areas, and the generation of reusable digital records for monitoring and documentation.