TY - JOUR
T1 - Monitoring adherence to the international code of conduct
T2 - Highly hazardous pesticides in central andean agriculture and farmers' rights to health
AU - Orozco, Fadya A.
AU - Cole, Donald C.
AU - Forbes, Greg
AU - Kroschel, Jürgen
AU - Wanigaratne, Susitha
AU - Arica, Denis
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - The WHO has advocated monitoring adherence to the Food and Agriculture Organization's Code of Conduct to reduce use of highly hazardous pesticides in lower and middle income countries. We re-framed Code articles in terms of farmers' rights and drew on survey data, farmer focus group results, and direct observations of agrochemical stores in Ecuador and Peru to construct indicators reflecting respect for such rights. Use of highly (Ia and Ib) and moderately (II) hazardous pesticides was common. Worse indicators were observed in places with lower education, greater poverty, and more use of indigenous languages. Limited government enforcement capacity, social irresponsibility of the pesticide industry, and lack of farmers' knowledge of the Code were all factors impeding respect for farmers' rights. Addressing the power imbalance among social actors requires informed farmer and farmworker participation in monitoring adherence and active involvement of non-governmental organizations and municipal governments.
AB - The WHO has advocated monitoring adherence to the Food and Agriculture Organization's Code of Conduct to reduce use of highly hazardous pesticides in lower and middle income countries. We re-framed Code articles in terms of farmers' rights and drew on survey data, farmer focus group results, and direct observations of agrochemical stores in Ecuador and Peru to construct indicators reflecting respect for such rights. Use of highly (Ia and Ib) and moderately (II) hazardous pesticides was common. Worse indicators were observed in places with lower education, greater poverty, and more use of indigenous languages. Limited government enforcement capacity, social irresponsibility of the pesticide industry, and lack of farmers' knowledge of the Code were all factors impeding respect for farmers' rights. Addressing the power imbalance among social actors requires informed farmer and farmworker participation in monitoring adherence and active involvement of non-governmental organizations and municipal governments.
KW - Code of conduct
KW - Developing countries
KW - Food and agricultural organization
KW - Human rights
KW - Pesticides
KW - Prevention and control
KW - Vulnerable populations
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70349574848&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1179/oeh.2009.15.3.255
DO - 10.1179/oeh.2009.15.3.255
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 19650580
AN - SCOPUS:70349574848
SN - 1077-3525
VL - 15
SP - 255
EP - 268
JO - International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health
JF - International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health
IS - 3
ER -
